Note:..1:LEBENSOHL
a) 1NT-(2x)-2NT: WK, �  or FG, no stopper; after compulsory 3� resp.:
P=WK, �;   3x=promises 4-card M; 3y=5-card; 3NT=other
1NT-(2x): 2y = S/O;  3� = FG, 5-card;
3x,3y,3NT = shape as via 2NT but with stopper
after 2� overcall, DBL=STAY, other as w/o overcall
1x-1NT-2x(y)-2NT  same principles
b) 2x-DBL-P: 2M,3�=S/O;3�=INV;3M=5-card,INV;3x=no stopper;3NT=stopper
2NT: WK, �  or CONST; after ART 3� resp.: P=WK, �;
3�=INV; 3M=4-card,INV; 3NT=1/2 stopper; 3x=very STR
! exception: 2�-DBL-P: 3�=S/O; 3� via 2NT INV, 4+ cards
c) after all T/O DBLs on 2x (incl. 2�(MULTI)-P-2M-DBL), style as b)
after 2�(MULTI)-DBL style as after NAT 2�
after 2�(MULTI)-2� style as after 2�-DBL

Note:..2:BIDDING WITH MAJOR FIT
1�-2� (1�-2�): 9-10 losers;   1�-3� (1�-3�): 8 losers w/o shortage;
1�-2� (1�-2NT): 12-13 BAL or 8 losers (or better) with any shortage
(Following principles are also used after 1x-1M/2M and 1x-1y/1M-2M):
1�-2� (1�-2�): 2� (2NT)=INV, any shortage; 2NT (3�)=INV, requests some
values in �(�); 3m=INV, req.values in bid m; 3�(3�)=PRE
1�-2�/2�: 2NT=relay;  3�,�=shortage in bid suit;  3�=shortage in �
1�-2�/2NT: 3�=relay;  3�,�=shortage in bid suit;  3�=shortage in �
1�-2�/2�-2NT: 3�,3�=shortage in bid suit;  3�=shortage in �, 8 losers;
highers=singleton �, 7 losers or better, CUE
1�-2�/2NT-3�: 3�,3�=shortage in bid suit;  3�=shortage in �, 8 losers;
highers=singleton �, 7 losers or better, CUE

Note:..3:BIDDING AFTER 1NT OPENING
2� is NONFORCING STAYMAN; 1NT-2�/2�-2� 44+ Ms, P/C
After 2�(�): 3�(�): MIN, 4-card fit; new suit: MAX, 4-card fit, CUE
2�(�) 2-3 cards; 2NT: MAX, 3 cards with 2 honours
1NT-2�(�)/2�(�)-3m = FG
2�: a) S/O, one or both minors; b) S/T, both minors
After 2�: 2NT=� better than �; 3�=other
4�=GERBER, 4NT=QUANT, 5NT=Grand Slam try
Bidding with 55 Ms: 1NT-2�/2�-3�=INV;1NT-4� Game only;1NT-2�/2�-3�=S/T
After 2-level overcall (exc. 2�) - "LEBENSOHL", see [1]
1NT-x: xx=PEN; 2x=NAT (5+), S/O; 3x=PRE; 2NT=5-5 any
1NT-P-P-x: xx=MAX
1NT-P-P-x/P-P: xx=SOS; 2x=NAT (5+), S/O

Note:..4:DEFENSE VS. STRONG ARTIFICAL 1�, 1�, Pass OPENINGS
Vs. 1�: DBL + OVERCALLS = 6-14 HCP, length (5+cards) or shortage (at
least 3 cards in all other suits)
1�-1x-P: non jump new suit=a)fit if length, S/O if shortage; b)S/O,NAT
jump new suit= PRE, NAT, with fit in case length
1NT = CONST, w/o fit, w/o own suit;    2NT = the only F1
2x = CONST, 6+cards;                   Pass = any WK hand
1NT=5+m,4M; 2�=54+Ms; 2�=6+M; 2M=5M+4m; 2NT=55+ms (all 4-3-3-2 rule)
1�-1NT-P: 2�/�/� = P/C, 2� = NF, 2NT = ASK
1�-2�-P: 2� = ASK for better M
1�-2�(2M,2NT)-P: all as after 4th seat 2�(2M,2NT) opening
1�-P-1(2)x: all as after NAT 1(2)x opening
Vs. Pass: all the same
Vs. 1�: 1NT = length or shortage in �, other the same

Note:..5:DEFENSE VS. PREPARED 1x OPENINGS
Style is the same as Vs. NAT openings, with these exceptions:
After 1�: 2�=NAT, 8-15 HCP; 2�=NAT, PRE; 2NT=55+ms, PRE; 3�=NAT, PRE
1�-1x-P: 1(2)y,2� = NAT, CONST, NF; jump=FG
1�-P-1(2)x: all as after 1(2)x NAT opening
1�-P-1NT: NAT overcalls
After highers: same principles

Note:..6:DEFENSE VS. 2� (MULTI) OPENING
DBL=11+HCP, 33+Ms or 19+ HCP;  2�=11-15 HCP, 5+ cards;  2�=11+HCP, 3+
cards in �,�,�;  2NT=16-18 BAL, both M stoppers, 5-card M allowed;
3m=14-18 HCP, 5+ cards;  3M=16-18 HCP, 5+ cards;  3NT=solid m(7+), at
least 1/2 stoppers in both Ms;  Pass includes a) 11-15 HCP, 5+�;
b) 11+ HCP, 3+ cards in �,�,�;  c) 11-13 HCP 5+m
2�-P-2�-P/P: a) DBL;  b) 2�;  c) 3m;
2�-P-2�-P/2� (2�-P-2�-P/P): a) P or DBL!;  b) P or 3�!;  c) P or 3m
2�-P-2�(�): DBL=T/O;  2NT=16-18 BAL, 5-card M allowed;  others=NAT
After T/O DBLs and after 2�-2�-P: "LEBENSOHL" see [1]
After 2NT (16-18 BAL): as after our bidding 2�-2M/2NT (see 2� opening)

Note:..7:DEFENSE VS. 1NT OPENING (2nd seat only)
WEAK: 2� = 44+ Ms, 2� advance asks better suit, 2NT=ASK as after our
2� opening
2�/� TRANSFER (NF), 2�-any minor (NF); new suit NF, 2NT = F1
2NT - both minors
highers - PRE
STRONG: DBL = 5+m, 4M; resp.: 2�/�/�=P/C, 2�=NF, 2NT=ASK
2� = 1-suiter (5)6+ in �/�/�; resp.: 2�=P/C, 2M=NF, 2NT=ASK
2� = 44+ Ms; resp.: 2�/�=S/O, 2NT=ASK (as after our 2� open.)
2M = 5M, 4+m; resp.: 3�=P/C, 2NT=ASK
2NT = 55+ minors
NOTE: STRONG = MIN 15 HCP, o/wise WEAK

Note:..8:ESCAPING FROM 1NT (9-11 HCP) DOUBLED
Pass: PEN  or  4432 - 4�+4x  or  4441�
Rdbl: 5+�  or  4432 - 4�+4�  or  4441�  or  4333�  or  poor 5+M
2�:            4432 - 4�+4R  or  4441M  or  4�333
2�:   5+�
2�:   5+�, willingness to compete
2�:   5+�, willingness to compete
2NT:  55+ any
higher: NAT, PRE
Reopen (1NT-P-P-Dbl/P-P-) Rdbl: 4432 - 4�+4�  or 4441�  or 5+�
2�: 4432 - 4�+4x  or 4�441
2�: 4432 - 4�+4�
2�: 4432 - 4�+4�

Note:..9:RESPONSES TO 4th SEAT 2-LEVEL OPENINGS
2�: 2�=NEG; 2NT=positive, no 5-card suit; 3M=solid suit
2�: as for 2� opening
2M: 2NT=ASK; 3�=P/C; 3�=INV to 4M; 3M=PRE
2NT: 3(4,5,6,7)m=S/O; 3M=F1, 4M=S/O